Generally, waste means any product that its owner abandons, such as old clothing, construction waste, used cars, drugs whose use date has expired, food debris from the kitchen, etc.

The notion of waste can be approached in several ways. It varies from one author to another, from one country to another. This is particularly the case during changes it may undergo (collection, sorting, primary processing) and which gives it different physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics which gives it economic and ecological value.

Urban compost is a fermented mixture of organic and mineral residues generally obtained from household waste and used for the improvement of agricultural land. The compost is obtained by biological treatment of organic matter by aerobic fermentation. Household waste is characterized by its density, density, humidity and carbon/nitrogen ratio.

The density, this characteristic is of a great influence on the capacities of the means of collection and storage of refuse. It only makes sense if we define the conditions under which it is determined. Indeed, household waste is compressible and its density varies during the various manipulations they undergo from the place of production to the place of disposal.

Household waste contains a large amount of water which can vary from one geographic location to another, from one season to another between 25 and 65%. This water has a notable influence on the useful calorific value of the garbage as well as on the speed of decomposition of the fermentable materials which they contain. The humidity depends on the nature of household waste.

The calorific value of household waste, the amount of heat released by the combustion of the unit of weight of gross orders, is expressed in millithermies per kilogram of garbage (or in kJ / kg, 1Kj = 0.239 millithermia). Household waste contains several billion germs of thermophilic microorganisms per gram. Abandoned to itself, they quickly enter into fermentation. The temperature rises and stays between 60 and 70%, which has the effect of destroying pathogenic germs.

If we analyze in detail the evolution due to fermentation, we realize that there are two opposite phenomena of extreme complexity, these are:

The mineralization of organic matter which is broken down into carbonic gas and ammonia with the production of nitric acid and nitrate.

The formation by microorganisms of colloidal complexes composed of organic microorganisms and which constitute humus.

The overall objective assigned to waste management studies is to analyze the major problems linked to the management of household waste with a view to proposing strategies for the rational management of household waste. At the end of this study, it should be noted that hypotheses can be verified.

Throughout this work, experts studied the management of household waste in the municipality of Masina. The results obtained showed that 63% of households have bins for storing garbage but this garbage is not sorted, 79% of households mix their garbage, organic and non-biodegradable.

For recovery, the results showed that 74% of households do not recycle their garbage, in terms of quantity, 61 tonnes or 26% of the garbage which is reclaimed out of a total of 235 tonnes produced per day. The rest of the household waste is either thrown in the dumps, or in or along the rivers.

As for the disposal mode, disposal is the mode most used by households, the results obtained show that 74% of households dispose of their garbage by this mode. These are thrown in several places but especially in the wild dumps and in the rivers, with 50% in the dumps and 16% in the rivers.

The management of household waste as practiced in the municipality of Masina does not contribute to sustainable development. Indeed household waste there does not follow the normal chain of sustainable waste management practices. The local residents must be educated about waste management, recycling and pollution. This way they will know what’s best for them in this respect.